Overriding Python str class setter.. How?

Coding another tool in python as usual i was getting tired of printing several debug messages. The script performs some calls to multiple main methods that in turn call other secondary  methods. I wanted to track the final status of each call so i thought that it would be a good idea to print a message each time a "msg" object changes its value. Thus recurring to the 'set value triggers function call' paradigm.

One solution i found was to create a new class that inherits from "object" and use @property and @<member>.setter with an intermediate string object to store the text.

But i wasn't satisfied enough and coming from C++ i was wondering if it was possible to inherit directly from "str" class and just override its setter.

Since i found no info on the web, i resorted to write to a tech forum. 

Here is my post:


I'm coding a script that performs different complex tasks and i want to output status messages regarding the execution of the script.
Rather than doing a "print" statement after each main function call i 've thought it would be nicer to have a string object that automatically prints something each time the variable's value changes.
So this lead me to write a custom class with a variable and a setter to it like the following:

Code:

class Msg(object):
    def __init__(self):
        self._s = None
    
    @property
    def status(self):
        return self._s
    @status.setter
    def status(self, value):
        self._s = value
        call_custom_function()

Now the question: I've come to the above solution but i'm wondering if it's possible to inherit directly from str class and just override the setter... thus not needing an intermediate variable like _s and be able to do something like

Code:

msg = Msg()
msg = "hello"

instead of the current:

Code:

msg = Msg()
msg.status = "hello"

I've searched the web and i haven't found how the str class works besides the fact that it's a "sequencer" type just like a list...

The same day i received several answers that despite interesting were missing the point of my question, until i got finally the explanation.

Here is the final reply that enlighted me:

Code:

msg = Msg()
msg = "hello"

to anyone who write python code, these lines mean this:

1. Create an instance of the class Msg and assign it to msg
2. msg is now the string "hello"

Your instance of the Msg class has been overwritten. Thats why it makes no sense. Why create an isntance of a class just to over-write it with a string.

Ahhhh this is what i was getting wrong!!! In a language like C++ one can overload the "=" operator and hence the second line would call the overloaded method from the "=" operator from the msg instance of Msg() Class. The type of "msg" doesnt change!!!!

But in Python we dont have such behaviour, so when we assign "hello" we are just changing the type of the variable to be a string!! 

How To Get Rid of PyQt Widgets Correctly

Introduction. The Tool.

In recent weeks i was told it would be nice to have some kind of reference editor outside Maya. Something simple that allowed animators to chose which references they wanted to load in the scene and which ones they didn't want.

What are the advantages for this requirement? The main reason is although we have at the studio powerful workstations in terms of Ram, CPU and Graphics processor some assets like set, props etc are really big, one single prop can take 3 GB!! and depending on the scene you can have almost 400 references. If each prop took that much space.. you can do the math.. it's simply unmanageable. It's not that huge in reality but it remains a big problem also if you take into account the amount of time it takes to load them all and finally open the scene. An animator would normally only want to load the character he/she is about to work with leaving aside all the props and set elements that don't interact with the character. This enables everyone to work faster.

Obviously the external reference editor must be "non-destructive". What i mean for this is it should not delete the reference node in Maya. Why? Obviously this external reference editor is useful for opening a scene file for the first time. Once the scene is loaded in Maya the animator must use the Maya reference editor to load/unload assets. In this case, to load all the necessary assets once the animation is finished, so that everything is in place when the playblast is published. So we need to let the animator the chance to load in Maya the rest of the assets and for this, he needs the reference node of the asset to be present in the scene.

After analyzing the Maya ASCII scene file it was clear what changes to do to the file to unload a specific asset.

Design. The problem.

Here is what i thought it would be a good design: i would use a dynamic list of widgets where each line would be composed of a QCheckBox showing the current state of the reference and the reference node of the asset.

I used the same approach as other times when i needed to code a dynamic list of widgets which consisted mainly in two steps:

A) we have a widget that triggers the fullfillment of the dynamic list. It can be something like a QComboBox to select the file's work area.

B) each time the dynamic list is filled we need to create a "line widget" with its proper layout which contains the QCheckbox and the QLineEdit. Those widgets are created each time which also means they need to be properly deleted, otherwise we will run into memory problems. And that was the origin of the bug i had.

When i first coded a dynamic list like this and wasn't that much versed into python i googled to look for the proper way to delete a widget, and i found this site in stackoverflow to be very useful although somewhat confusing. So many ways to apparently delete QWidgets!!

Digging into the proper solution.

There were three methods that apparently reached the same result:

1) the close() method in the QWidget class

2) the setParent() to None method also in the QWidget class also

3) the deleteLater() also in the QWidget class

I always thought the setParent() to None in each parent widget worked well. So in the method before filling the list i called a cleanup_scrollArea() method which was coded like this:

for i in reversed(range(layout.count())): 
        layout.itemAt(i).widget().setParent(None)

Relying on the fact that in the documentation they say: "the new widget is deleted when its parent is deleted".

I wont explain much. Only tell that this apparently works. Setting the the parent of a widget to None breaks the connection of the PyQt tree and causes all the children to not show anymore.

But there was a big bug. Whenever i tried repeatidly to test the tool with different files the tool crashed within the third or fourth iteration. The dynamic list's behaviour was apparently correct and working well, everything looked alright and i had no error message to give a hint of the problem.

I had the suspicion it had to do with a problem in the deletion of the widgets because the memory increased in each iteration even if the file had less refereneces to show than the previous one!. And obviously it was crashing when you tried to repeatidly use it. It must be a problem in the dynamic list!!

The Solution.

It  took me a short but intense moment  to figure out what was happening. And here my experience with a language such as C/C++ that deals with memory management helped me a lot since PyQt is a bind for Nokia's Qt written in C++.

What was happening?

Setting the  widget's parent to None only breaks the connection in the Qt widgets tree and causes the python reference to be deleted by the garbage collector. But what about the C++ QWidget Object that python was referencing? C++ does not have a garbage collector, so the C++ object's memory has to be deleted manually.

Here is why we have to use deleteLater() 's QWidget method. That's what it does, it frees the memory the C++ object is using..That's what we were missing! Furthermore deleting the C++ object makes the python references invalid therefore we don't need to set anymore to None the parent's widget,

The cleanup_scrollArea() method became:

while aLayout.count() > 0:

    item = aLayout.takeAt(0)

    widget = item.widget()

    if not widget:

        continue

    widget.deleteLater()

Design Improvement Quick Note

Creating and deleting widgets is expensive. It's a very stressful task even for a language like C++ with it's new and delete methods. So it may look like this behaviour for a dynamic list is not the best fit.

In the PyQt documentation they say that for this it may be better to use a QStackedWidget and play with the show() / hide() methods of the widgets which i believe reserves memory for a set of widgets and in the next iteration it reuses the same widgets changing their properties, hiding and adding new widgets on demand as needed. Might want to try this sometime!